Crown-cutting and shaping mechanism for paper cap-forming machines



Nov. 29, 1955 E. J. DE VILLERS 2,725;163

CROWN-CUTTING AND SHAPING MECHANISM FOR PAPER CAP-FORMING MACHINES FiledMaljch 26, 1952 3 Sheets-Sheet l Edmund Jfiefi'llerfl FIG. 14:.

ATTORNEY Nov. 29, 1955 E. J. DE VILLERS CROWN-CUTTING AND SHAPINGMECHANISM FOR PAPER CAP-FORMING MACHINES 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed March26, 1952 53 f 4/ I 17% t -6/ 4v Fla-.11. I INVENTOR lidnzu zzd ffiefi'llera ATTORNEY Nov. 2 1955 E. J. DE VILLERS CROWN-CUTTING AND SHAPINGMECHANISM FOR PAPER CAP-FORMING MACHINES 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 Filed March26, 1952 INVENTOR 2 FIG. 4:; l'i'dmwzcl Jfie i'llens" BY 4% 1% WATTORNEY United States Patent CROWN-CUTTIN G AND SHAPING MECHANISM FORPAPER CAP-FORMING MACHINES Edmund J. De Villers, Columbus, Ohio,assignor to White Castle System, Inc., Columbus, Ohio, a corporation ofDelaware Application March 26, 1952, Serial No. 278,585

8 Claims. (Cl. 2237) The present invention relates to apparatus forproducing assembled paper articles of headwear, particularly articlesadapted for wear by those engaged in various occupational capacities, asin the handling, processing or dispensing of food products, and in otheroccupations or industries. The machine of the present invention aimsparticularly to provide certain improvements upon prior machineshitherto developed for the manufacture of such paper articles ofheadwear, especially the machines disclosed in the patent of Schaetferet al. No. 2,023,152 granted September 3, 1935, and in my prior PatentNo. 2,313,628, granted March 9, 1943.

Paper articles of headwear, which here, for convenience in description,are referred to as caps, are formed by said prior machines to possesstwo united parts. The first of these parts comprises a circular outerband formed from a length of a folded strip of paper, and which in useis adapted to be placed on the head of a wearer so that the sameengages, in part at least, the front, sides and back of the wearershead. The upper and lower edges of the strip forming the band are foldedinwardly and vertically upon the body of the band strip to presentspaced upper and lower reenforcing folds. These folds are composed of amultiplicity of sheet thicknesses by which strength and stability areimparted to the band. In practice, the ends of said folds, and the paperstrip itself, telescope within or overlap each other in a mannerenabling the formed band to be adjusted to various head sizes.

The second of these cap parts consists of a crown which is joined withthe band in a manner closing its open top. This crown is formed by saidprior machines from a substantially square or rectangular sheet ofpaper. In the operation of said machines, this crown sheet is forcedinto an associated cap band while the latter is held in a forming orassembling chamber of an intermittently rotatable turret. Prior to theforming of the lower reenforcing folds of the band, the crown sheet isfully inserted into the band, so that when the composite lower fold isfinally effected, the adjoining marginal edges of the crown sheet willbe received within and between the several thicknesses of the lowerfolds, whereby to unite the crown sheet with the band, eliminating theuse of adhesives, or other added fastening means.

Because of the rectangular or substantially square formation of thepaper sheet forming the crown, the machines of the prior art have notbeen completely satisfactory in their operation of effecting properinsertion and retention of the rectangular marginal edges of the crownsheet within the lower circular folds of the paper strip forming theouter band of a cap. This difiiculty will be appreciated when it isconsidered that such prior machines require the forced insertion of arectangular crown sheet, moving in a vertical plane, into a horizontallyand jorming chamber, reaches the end of its cycle of travel 2,725,163Patented Nov. 29, 1955 ice into and out of the chamber, the crown sheetwill be folded so that the normal top-forming area thereof, asconsidered when it is positioned within a finished cap, is flat where itengages the outer faces of the blank-advancing head. Simultaneously, theparts of the crown sheet which form the sides of the crown when in afinished cap, are confined between the outer longitudinal andcircumferentially extending surfaces of the head and a band strip heldagainst the cylindrical outer wall of the turret chamber. Theside-forming areas of the crown sheet are thus caused to conform withthe restricted diameter of the forming chamber. In so doing, thematerial comprising the crown sheet is crowded into the molding area ofthe forming chamber in a manner producing irregular folding of thematerial, wherein the folds are present without definite order.

Furthermore, as a result of the normal rectangular marginalconfiguration of the crown sheet and the resultant machine shapingthereof to cause it to conform with the generally continuous circularband of the cap, a condition is set up which results in the presence ofan irregular marginal edge on the crown sheet for interfitting unionwith the lower folds of the band. The irregularity of the marginal crownedge is such that prior machines cannot function to obtain uniformintersurface contact between the lower folds of the cap band andadjacent marginal edge regions of the crown sheet. In such machines,certain parts of the marginal edges of the crown sheet are apt to betucked into the associated circular band folds to a greater degree thanare other parts. In fact, this condition occurs with such frequency asto require ordinarily manual inspection of each cap formed by saidmachines, such inspection being necessary to ascertain whether the crownand outer band folds are properly joined. In many instances, it isnecessary, in obtaining the desired related order, to manually completethe folding following removal of the caps from the forming machine,thereby adding very substantially to the manufacturing costs of sucharticles. Even inspection of the ordinary machine-finished articles doesnot insure proper union, since the crown and band frequently are foundto separate upon the opening of the flatly packed caps at the time thesame are placed on the head of a wearer, or during use thereof.

With these conditions in view, the cap-forming mechanism of the presentinvention has been developed to eliminate or greatly minimize thistendency on the part of such earlier machines in failing to produce thedesired secure union between the marginal portions of the crown sheetsand the lower folds of the bands of such articles.

Among others, the' general objects of the present invention are: Toprovide a machine for producing paper caps involving a crown sheetwhich, instead of possessing a rectangular configuration at the time ofits insertion in a headband, is cut to assume a substantially circularform, in which the marginal edges thereof are brought into interfoldingrelation with the lower folds of an associated band; to produce in sucha machine a substantially circular crown sheet in which the side-formingregions thereof are formed with symmetrically arranged, relativelyspaced creases or pleats; to form by machine action a cap crown in whichthe creases or pleats extend approximately radially from the center tothe outer peripheral edges thereof, whereby to cause said outer edges toterminate in a common plane; to provide a machine in which the crown isevenly and uniformly interfolded with the several thicknessesconstituting the lower folds of the article band; to provide a machinefor producing paper caps in which two rolls of paper are used, one ofthe rolls serving to form the cap band and the other the crown sheet,and wherein provision is made for cutting the web of paper withdrawnfrom the roll producing the cap crown to form therefrom substantiallycircular blanks which are forced into the forming chambers of anintermittently rotatable turret head of the machine for attaching unionthrough interfolding with the edges of an associated band; and toprovide generally an improved mechanism-of this character which isinmost part automatic in its operation and wherein hand operations andmanual supervision are held to a minimum.

In my copending application, executed of even date with the presentapplication, Serial No. 278,584 filed March 26, 1952, now Patent No.2,699,274, dated January 11, 1955, I have set forth a cap-formingmachine in which a crown-cutting and shaping mechanism has beendiselosedfor the formation of paper caps. The mechanism ofthis copendingapplication involves stationary and movable axially registeringpaper-cutting rings. A paper web, from which cap crowns are formed, ispassed between these cutting rings, and timed movement is imparted tothe movable ring to cause the same to penetrate the paper web. and, inassociation with the stationary ring, to cut from said web substantiallycircular blanks of crown-forming; material.

As; the blanks are cut the same are engaged axially and on one sidethereof with an advancing plunger. The operation of this plunger iscoordinated so that the crown blanks, following cutting from theweb, areadvanced into a cup-shaped member mounted on a frame-carried rotarytransfer device. The plunger moves the cut blanks into the cup-shapedmember, causing the blanks to possess the internal configuration of saidmember. At the same time, the plunger operates in conjunction with astationary pleating ring to produce orderly folds or creases in thesides of the shaped crowns. When this operation is accomplished, thetransfer device is rotated so that the cupped member containing a shapedcrown will be brought intoregistry with a forming chamber. provided in arotary turret, means being provided for removing the shaped crown:fromthe cupped member of the transfer device and inserting; the same. inthe turretv chamber, Where the crown is joined marginally with. aband-forming. strip, alsopositioned in the'turret chamber.

While the. mechanism or'saidcopendingapplication is efiicient andeffective in itsv intended. capacities, yet it is somewhat complex inits mechanical. construction, and,

therefore, it is, a further object of the present invention toimprove,,simp lify. andreducecosts to a greater degree than is possiblewith the employment of the. crown-forming mechanism disclosed in mycopending application.

Still further objects are: to provide mechanism which may be readilyincorporated in machines of the type disclosed inmy prior patent,.No.2,313,628 granted March 9', 1943,, whereby withminimum cost, error: andexpense to adapt such patentedmachines to thefe'atures of the presentinvention, including the production of' circular crown blanks with theirattendant advantages over prior rectangular blanks; to provide animproved roller-type cutting mechanism for producing the circular crownblanks; to provide a cutting mechanism in which the Web of papermaterial from which the crowns are formed is cut compljetely through itsfull width in producing the substantially circular crown blanks; toprovide a machine of 'highproductive capacity; one which will produce awell-formed and properly finished cap construction, and finally amachine capable of long usage without necessitating adjustments, repairsor other undue mechanical. attention and maintenance costs.

For a further understanding of the invention, reference is to be had tothe following description and the accompanying drawings, in which:

Fig. 1 is a top plan view of a paper cap-forming machine formed with thecrown-cutting and forming mechanism of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a side elevational view of the machine;

Fig. 3 is a vertical longitudinal sectional view taken in producing thesubstantially flat and circular blanks from which cap crowns are formedFig. 4 is a vertical sectional view taken through the cutter means onthe plane indicated by the line 4-4 of Fig. 2;

Fig. 5 is an enlarged detail sectional view through one of thepaper-cutting rolls audits" blade construction;

Fig. 6 is a plan view of theblade-carrying cutter'rolls;

Fig. 7 is a similar view disclosing the" complemental grooved roll;

Fig. 8 is an elevational view ofthe' cutter roll of Fig. 6' anddisclosing the same in another position to more fully show the dualcutting blades carried thereby;

Fig. 9 is a view similar to' Fig; 8 of the complemental grooved rollshown inF-ig. 7 but illustrating the same in a position corresponding tothat of the cutter roll of Fig. 8;

Fig. 10 is a view of the paper web stock from which the substantiallycircular crown blanks'ar'e cut by the rolls of Figs. 6 to 9, inclusive;'

Fig. 11 is a vertical"sectional' view taken through the crown-advancingand folding head" which is employed in shaping a flat circular crownblank and positioning the same in a turret chamber for connection with acap band;

Fig. 12 is a fragmentary elevational" view disclosing the crown-pleatingring of the present invention, the plane of the figure being indicatedby the line 1212 of Fig. 11;

Fig. 13" is a detail perspective view disclosing a cap crown shaped andpleated in" accordance with the present invention;

Fig. 14 is a vertical sectional view taken through a completed' cap asproduced by the machine of the present invention.

Referring more particularly to the drawings, the machine as showntherein comprises a cap-forming section A. This section includes arotatable turret T, mounted for intermittent turning movement about anaxial support C. Withthis mechanism, there is ope'ratively associated acrown-forming mechanisrn'B, constituting the present'inven'tiom Thesection A- is employed in uniting a. cap band- I with a crown '2 inproperly related and connected order. The improvements of the presentinvention over prior machines reside particularly in the constructionand operation of the crown-forming section B of the machine. Theband-forming section A and the turret T are substantially the same asthe construction disclosed in my prior parting-above specified.Therefore, in the following. description, I have addressed thedisclosures herein particularly to the crown-forming mechanism B,setting forththe associated band-forming andv cap-assembling mechanismto an extent necessary to show the manner in' which the crown-formingmechanism B coact's therewith.

As shown herein, the crown-forming mechanism includes a frame D whichcarries at the back thereof rolls 10 and IL over which is trained a webW'composed of paper stock withdrawn frotn a main-supply roll, indicatedat R.

Rotatably supported-in the frameD contiguous to the roll 11 are cutterrolls 1'2 and 13'. The upper of these cutter rolls-isformed, asshown-rnore particularly in Figs. 6-and 8, with arcuate cutter bladeassemblies, indicated at: 14a: Each of these" blade assemblies issubstantially semicircular'in its'configuratioh; consisting of a pair ofblade s'ections 'l l'ti -and 14b", shown: in Fig; 5-, having re isteringbeveled cutting-edges fic. These edgesmay be serrated,-as indicated at-142i-;-inorde'r to' pene'trate more readily" relatively soft," porousti'ssuelikepaper from which th'e'cap crowns are usually formed; Thelower rolls 13' have theirperipheries formed- "with grooves 15 in whichthe beveled outer surfaces "'14ca'nd 14d of the cutter blades 14' arereceived, whereby to enable the cutters to'penetrate the tissue web Wcleanly and without te'a ring;..thesame The-diameter-pfl the crown blank16 produced by these cutting rolls is, of course, governed by thediameter of the blades 14.

The lower roll '13 is frame supported by being formed at one end thereofwith a longitudinally extending and axially disposed stud 17, the latterbeing journaled for rotation in a bearing 18 provided in the frame D.Rotatable with the stud is the gear 19, the teeth of which mesh with asimilar gear 20 fixed to rotate with the upper roll 12, so that thelatter revolves in the reverse direction to that of the lower roll.

The upper roll is rotatably carried by an axially disposed shaft 21, oneend of which is journaled as at 22 in connection with bearings supportedby the frame D. The opposite end of the shaft 21, with respect to thatcarrying the gear 20, is provided with a beveled gear 23, the lattermeshing with a similar gear 24 provided on a power driven shaft 25.

The lower of the rolls 13 is formed with a tubular hub sleeve 26 whichis journaled at one end in bearings provided in the frame D. The sleeve26 receives an internal stationary pipe member 27, the latter beingformed with inner and outer longitudinally extending concentric passages28 and 29, respectively. The passage 29 communicates at one end with avalve pipe line 30 leading to a suction pump, not shown, or othernegative pressure generator. Communicating with the passage 29 andformed in the roll 13 are ports 31. These ports lead to the periphery ofthe roll 13, whereby to hold positively, through pressure differentialsexerted on Y opposite sides of a web, paper passing around the roll 13whereby to retain the web in definite association with the roll 13.

As the rolls 12 and 13 revolve, the same cut the web W completelythrough its entire transverse width. For example, in Fig. 6, the outeredges of the web W have been indicated at W1. It will be noted that thelength of the cutting blades 14 exceeds the width of the web W, therebycompletely severing the latter transversely. Such severance, with theformation of the crown blanks 16 of substantially circularconfiguration, results in the formation of excess or waste web sections,indicated at 32.

In forming the crown blanks the excess sections 32 of the web arepositively ejected from the rolls 13. This may be done by advancingcompressed air or the like through the axial passage 28 of the pipemember 27. The passage 28 communicates with ports shown at 33 and withthe ports 31, the latter extending from the axial portions of the roll13 to the periphery thereof. These ports at the periphery of the roll 13are disposed beyond the confines of the cutter blades 14, as shown moreparticularly in Fig. 9. These excess portions of the web are thus blownfree from the lower roll as the latter revolves, and positivelydischarged from the machine in a manner preventing such excess sectionsfrom interfering with the cutting action of the rolls.

A pressure roll 33' engages the upper surfaces of the web cut blanks andis spaced from the roll 12, whereby to advance the crown blanks throughdownwardly and angularly directed guides 34. The crown blanks arepositively brought into engagement with a pair of outer frame-mountedfeed rolls 35, the upper of the rolls 35 being preferably provided witha covering of compressible material. Carried vertically by the frame Dand arranged below the rolls 35 is a crown-pleating ring 36. Crownblanks or disks, fed by the rolls 35, are caused to advance verticallyacross the rear of the opening formed in the ring 36 until substantiallythe blanks engage with a stationary stop 37 at their lower edges.

In order to transfer the cut crown blanks from their position ofregistry with the back of the pleating ring 36 and deposit the same in acap-forming chamber 38 provided in the turret T, I employ an insertinghead H of the type shown in my aforesaid patent. This head comprises abody 39 which is mounted axially on a shaft 40, the latter beingslidably supported in a bearing formed in bracket 41 which is slidableon the support C. The hub 42 of the body 39 is formed with a forwardlyprojecting hollow thimble 43 having a diameter less than that of theopening in the pleating ring 36. The pleating ring, in turn, is formed,as shown particularly in Figs. 11 and 12, with circularly spaced helicalrecesses 44.

As the head H moves forwardly, the thimble 43 thereof contacts a flatcrown blank disposed at the rear of the ring 36, causing said materialto move in unison with the forwardly advancing thimble. Since the crownblank possesses a greater diameter than the internal diameter of theopening in the pleating ring, the crown material will be stretchedacross the open forward end of the thimble 43 to form the top of thecrown when it is placed in a completed cap, while the sides of the crownwill be bent substantially at right angles to the top through contactwith the walls of the opening in the ring 36. Excess material present inthe crown blank is forced into the pleating recesses 44, whereby to formthe substantially parallel and spaced folds or pleats 45 in the sides ofthe crown. The movement of the thimble is continued in a forwarddirection until the same contacts with a head ring 46 fixed on one endof a shaft 47 which is movable in frame-carried bearings in order thatthe ring 46 may be positioned in the turret chamber 38, as shown in Fig.11, when a crown is being introduced into the chamber 38. Also it may bewithdrawn from said chamber 38 simultaneously with the head H to assumeretracted positions admitting of rotation of the turret T in bringingother chambers 38 contained in said turret into registry with the headsH and 46.

The walls of the turret chamber 33 are provided with annular passages48. These passages register with ports 49 which communicate with asuction pump or other negative pressure generator, whereby to hold aband strip [9 of a cap 0 in association with the circular walls of thechamber 38 in receiving the pre-shaped crown.

A shaft 50 is slidable in the shaft 40 and projects beyond one end ofthe latter to receive a grooved collar 51. This collar cooperates withthe inner arms 52 of bell crank levers 53, the latter being pivotallymounted as at 54 in connection with the thimbles 43. The longer arms ofthe levers 53 carry pressure-applying extensions 55 which operate ascreasing means in smoothing or ironing interfolded portions of the capband b and crown 16.

As shown in Fig. 2 the bracket 41 is slidably supported on theturret-supporting means C. Linkage shown at 56 may be used to controland effect the back and forth sliding movement of the bracket. In thisinstance, the head H has its disk-shaped body 39 formed, as disclosed inmy prior patent, with forwardly projecting bars 57, the latter beingnotched as at 58 to produce band-strip engaging shoulders 59. Theseshoulders engage the band and crown to effect their interfolding in themanner defined in my aforesaid patent.

As shown in Fig. 14, when the crown 16 is inserted into the cap band b,the adjoining edges of the band and crown are doubly folded in effectingtheir union. As a result of its circular blank formation, the crownevenly engages the folds of the band strip, so that the cap parts haveuniform surface contact with the band folds indicated at 1. Theseadvantages are attributable to the generally circular shape of the crownblank prior to its being interfolded with the band strip. Otheradvantages inherent in the present construction are to be found in itshigh degree of mechanical simplicity and the ready application thereofto machines of the prior art, particularly those set forth in the aboveidentified patents.

I claim:

1. Apparatus for producing paper articles of headwear, comprising: aframe, a turret having a plurality of spaced cap-forming chambersprovided with circular walls, means for introducing paper band-formingstrips into said chambers, suction-actuated means causing said strips toadhere to the walls of said. chambers, a crown-forming; means including.guides :carried by said frame for-the: longitu:

dirial advancement of a paperweb, meanszon said,v

means, for pleating thecrown blanks as they are forced:

bysaid inserting-means into said. chambers.

2; Cap;forming apparatus'comprising: a frame, an intermittentlyrotatable ,chambered. turret supported on said frame, means forinsertingand maintaining-a banda forming strip in fiat-circular contact withouterrwalls of each of said turret chambers, meansforeffecting-positivelongitudinal advancement .of a paper web .in a confined course .oftravelalong saidframe, means for cutting-said webto.produce,therefromasubstantially circular crownforming blanks,andmeansfor, inserting the cut blanks' into the chambers of said turret.for interfolding connec tion with. theedges of band strips contained insaid chambers.

3.- Cap-forming apparatus comprising: a. frame, an intermittentlyrotatable chambered :turret supported on said frame, means for insertingandvmaintaining a bandforming striprin fiat-circular contact with outerwalls of each of said turret chambers, means for effecting positivelongitudinal advancement of a paper Web in a confined course of travelalong said frame, means for cutting. said Web to produce therefromsubstantiallycircular crown-- formingblanks, means for inserting the cutblanks into thechambers of said turret for interfolding connectionwiththe edges of band strips contained'in said chambers, and means forimparting radially extending spaced pleats to each of said crownblanksas they are forced by-said inserting means intothechambers of saidturret.

4. In a cap-forming, machine, a'turret provided with a plurality ofcircularly spaced formingchambers, means for supplyingistrips of a capbandproducing materiallto said chambers, means for maintaining thestrips in contact with outer walls of said chambers, driving means forrevolving the turret about its axis of turning movement inanhintermittent step, by stepmanner, folding, heads operative toturn theedge portions of strips disposed within said chambers to form saidstrips at the longitudinal, edgestthereof with reenforcing folds, meansfor advancing a web of crown-forming material in a confined course oftravel along the machine, cutting means engageable with said .web to cuttherefrom crown-forming blanks which-are substantially-circularin.their-margi nal configuration, means for introducing the blankssuccessively as they are formed into said turret chambers, and meansforproducing uniformly spacedvpleats in said crown blanks at the time oftheir introductioninto said chambers, whereby to cause the blanks toengage evenly at their outcrmarginal edges certain of the folds of theband-forming strips astproduced by said heads.

5. In apaper cap-forming machine, a frame, cutting mechanism includingrelatively movable cutters operative toproduce from a web of paperadvancedbetween said cutters substantially circular crown-formingblanks,a tur:

ret rotatably supported by said frame, said turret being formed withspaced.capiormingcylinders, andtmeans synchronized with the operation ofsaid turret and cutting-mechanism for, feeding directly. the circularblanksisu cessively into the cylinders of said turret 6. In; a papercap-forming :machirie; a {frame-a cutting mechanism including:relatively movable cutte'rs foperative-ato produce from-a web of paperadvanced,between saidc cutters substantiallyicircularcrown-formingblanks, atur retrotatablyi'supported by saidframe,-;-saiditurret' being,

formed withtspaced cap-forming cylinders, means synchronizedglwithi the,operation of" said turrettand cutting.-

mechanism for feeding the circular= blanks successively into thecylinders of-said turret, and a pleating ring carried by said frame,said ring being disposed for, engagement with thEOlltH' POTlTIOHSfifeach of said crown blanks. as the latter are beinginserted into said{turret cylinder, said-ring; servingto produce uniformly spacedradially: extending pleats in outer band-engaging-portions of; saidblanks when the latter are formed into cap crowns.

7. In a machine for producingpapercaps, a:frame, .-an

intermittently rotatable .turretpositioned ,on said.- frame, 7 saidturret having ,spaced cap-forming, chambers, means for introducingstrips of. material for the 'fo'rmationxof.

cap bands into said-chambers, band-folding heads movably carried bysaid-:frame, said heads :being movable in registry with the longitudinalaxes of said-turret chambers, guide means on said frame for thelongitudinal ad-. vancement of a web material adapted for the formationof cap crowns, relatively movablecutter meansarranged normally onopposite sides of said web. for cutting the latter to form substantiallycircular crown blanks, means for transferring successively said blanksfrom said 'cuttingmecha nism and inserting. the. samerinto thestrip-containing chambers of said turret in position for coactionwith'saidfolding heads, whereby to foldmarginal portions of said stripsand crown blanks simultaneously in united order.

8. In a machine for producing paper caps, a-frame, an intermittentlyrotatable turret positioned on said frame, said turret having spacedcap-forming chambers, means for introducing strips of material forthe'formation of cap bands into said chambers, band-folding headsmovablycarried by said frame, said heads being movable inregistry withthe longitudinal axes of said turret chambers, guide means on said framefor the longitudinal advancement of a web material adapted for theformation of cap crowns, relatively movable cutter meansarranged nor-;mally on opposite sides of said web forcutting the latter to ReferencesCited in the file, of thispatent- UNITED STATES PATENTS 420,524 WheelerFebi 4, 1890 1,778,483 Carroll Oct. 14, 1930 2,286,541 Harvey June,-16,1942 2,313,628 De Villers Mar.- 9, 1943 2,378,324 Ray et al June 12,1945 2,523,153 Shapiro Sept. ,19, 1950

